Lecture Notes
Chapter 5 Sex Hormones and Sexual Differentiation
Modified:
2007-05-18
Sexuality begins long before birth as hormones cause male fetuses to
differentiate. Those same chemical messengers continue to cause
changes and effects in the adolescent. In adult females, hormones
continue to work well into middle adulthood.
- Sex Hormones
- Androgens (i.e., testosterone)
- Estrogens
- Progesterone
- Action
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
- Gonads
- Feedback loops
- Males
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)--testosterone production (beard
growth is a consistent effect)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)--sperm
production
- Females
- Estrogen--changes of puberty, vagina maintenance,
cessation of growth
- Progesterone--menstrual cycle
- Prolactin--milk production postpartum
- Oxytocin--uterine contractions in childbirth
- Prenatal Sexual Differentiation
- Sex chromosomes
- XX and XY
- Abnormal chromosome complements
- Differentiation
- Homology and analogy (see Table 5.1)
- Steps from diagram
- Money's variables of gender
- chromosomal
- gonadal
- prenatal hormonal
- prenatal and neonatal brain hormonalization
- internal accessory organs
- external genital appearance
- pubertal hormone gender
- assigned gender
- gender identity
- Sexual Differentiation During Puberty
- Female changes
- breast growth
- pubic hair
- body growth
- menarche
- axial hair
- oil and sweat glands
- Male changes
- growth of testes, scrotal sac
- pubic hair
- body growth
- penis growth
- voice changes
- facial and axial hair
- oil and sweat glands
- Secondary effects of adolescent growth spurt
- intragender variability (i.e., the Jr. High School
Band)
- separation of genders
- rites of passage
- the secular trend in the growth spurt
- Elkind's Hurried Child
- John or Joan?
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