Chapter 8 Outline
Protection of Human Subjects and Other Ethical Issues

Modified: 2007-01-21

• I. Illustrative cases (Watch Tape) On the History of Ethics*
  • A. Tuskegee Syphillis Study On Tuskegee Study
  • B. Nuremberg Trials
  • C. Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital
  • D. University of Chicago jury study
  • E. Laud Humphrey’s homosexuality study
  • F. Milgram authority study
    • On Milgram*
• II. Principles of ethical treatment
  • A. Informed consent On Informed Consent* Dispensing with Informed Consent*
    • 1. Adequate information to make informed, voluntary decision
      • a. General purpose of the study
      • b. Federal guidelines informing of procedures, purposes, and risks
      • c. Informed why subjects were selected
      • d. What will be done with data collected
    • 2. Other factors
      • a. Subjects must understand risks
      • b. Relationship between researcher and subjects
      • c. Participant circumstances (military, school children, prisoners, patients)
      • d. Vulnerable populations (children, aged, mentally disabled)
      • e. Ability to withdraw
• B. Identifying and weighing costs and benefits
  • 1. Institutional Review Board
    • On IRBs*
• C. Selection of subjects
  • 1. Unbiased
  • 2. Inclusion versus exclusion of groups
  • 3. Distributive justice
• III. Protecting privacy and confidentiality
  • A. Terms defined
    • 1. Privacy
    • 2. Confidentiality
    • 3. Anonymity
    • 4. Research records
  • B. Protecting privacy
    • 1. Collecting data
    • 2. Reporting data
    • 3. Sharing records
    • 4. Deductive disclosure
    • 5. Privacy Act of 1974
    • 6. On Plagiarism*

ICMA Code of Ethics
Code of Ethics of the International City/County Management Association (also used by NASPAA)

Back to Main Page